ADJECTIVES

A D J E C T I V E S

Adjectives adalah jenis kata yang memiliki sifat/ kemampuan dalam perbandingan (comparison). Fungsi adjective adalah menerangkan (modify) Noun atau Pronoun: Examples: 1) Adjectives modifying a noun (adjective menerangkan noun) a) a beautiful girl b) The girl is beautiful. 2) Adjective modifying a pronoun (adjective menerangkan pronoun) She is beautiful.

Types of Adjectives

Adjectives bisa bisa dibedakan menjadi: A. Determiners Determiners consists of a small group of structure words without characteristic form. 1. Articles the, a, an 2. Demonstrative Adjectives this (singular), these (plural), that (singular), those (plural). 3. Possessive Adjectives my, your, his, her, our, their, its, John's, the girl's, etc. 4. Numeral Adjectives three, four, seven, twenty five, third, fourth, seventh, twenty fifth, etc. 5. Adjective of indefinite quantity some, few, several, more, etc B. Descriptive Adjectives Descriptive Adejctives usually indicate: 1) a quality (kualitas) beautiful, hansome, intelligent, patient, nice, delicious, ugly, bad, dirty, etc. 2) a physical state (keadaan fisik) young, old, short, medium, tall, black, white, (berkaitan dgn umur, ukuran, dan warna)

Form of Adjectives

Descriptive adjectives memiliki bentuk khusus bila digunakan dalam perbandingan (comparison). a) Positive Degree as tall as as beautiful as b) Comparative Degree taller than more beautiful than c) Superlative Degree the tallest the most beautiful Cara pembentukan Compararative Degree dan Superlative Degree adalah: 1) Adjectives of one syllable (1 suku kata) Comparative Degree Superlative Degree adjective+er + than the + adjective + est 2) Adjectives of 3 or more syllable (3 suku kata atau lebih) Comparative Degree Superlative Degree more +adjective+ than the+most+ adjective 3) Adjectives of two syllables two-syllable adject. with -er, est two-syllable adjectives with more, most two-syllable adjectives with -er, -est or more, most 1) adjective berakhiran consonat + y 1) adjectives dgn akhiran: -ous, -ish, -ful, -ing, -ed, 1)adjectives berakhiran -er, -ow, -some. pretty prettier dirty: dirtier noisy: noisier happy: happier easy easier famous more famous useful more useful childish more childish interesting more interesting tired more tired cleverer = more clever bitterer = more bitter narrower = more narrow shallower = more shallow handsomer: more hadsome lonesomer= more lonesome 2) adjective akhiran -ple, -ble 2) adjectives akhiran -ct, -nt, -st simple simpler humble humbler subtle subtler idle idler exact more exact recent more recent honest more honest urgent more urgent Beberapa Adjectives memiliki bentuk comparative dan superlative yang tidak teratur (irregular) Positive Comparative Superlative good better best bad worse worst far farther / further fartherst/ furtherst little less least much more most many more most old older/ elder oldest/ eldest

Derivational Form of Adjectives

Adjectives bisa dibentuk dari jenis kata lain seperti 'noun' atau 'verbs', hanya dengan menambahkan akhiran tertentu (suffixes). 1) Adjectives berasal dari nouns berakhiran sebagai berikut: -(i)al, -ar, -ary, atau -ery, -ed, -en, -esque, -ful, -ic(al), -ish, -istic, -less, like, -ly, -ous, -ward, -wide, -y. examples: monumental, familiar, elementary, talented, picturesque, hopeful, historic(al), stylish, characteristic, useless, lifelike, friendly, famous, backward, world-wide, windy. 2) Adjectives berasal dari verbs berakhiran sebagai berikut: -able atau -ible, -ent, atau -ant, -ed, -ile, -ing, -ive, -(at)ory. sensible, dependent, frustrated, hostile, boring, attractive, congratulatory.