Sentences

A sentence is a group of words that contains at least one subject and one verb.A sentence expresses a complete thought. There are four kinds of sentences in English: simple sentence, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences. This classification is based on the number and the kind of clauses within a sentence.

1). Simple Sentence
	The man bought the jewelry.
2). Compound Sentence
	The man bought the jewelry and he gave it to his wife.
3). Complex Sentence
	The man bought the jewelry that his wife wanted.
4). Compound-Complex Sentence
	The man bought the jewelry and he gave it to his wife because he wanted to make her more beautiful.

Another classification of sentences is by types:

1.) Declarative Sentences (Statements) : Kalimat Pernyataan
	The girl studies at UMY.
2). Negative Sentences: Kalimat Negatif
	She does not study at UMY.
	She is not a student.
3). Interrogative Sentences (Questions) : Kalimat Tanya
	Does she study at UMY?
4).	Imperative Sentence (Commads, Requests): Kalimat Perintah
	Give me the book!	Help me, please?
5). Exclamatory Sentence (Exclamation): Kalimat Seru
	What a beutiful girl!	What beautiful eyes she has! (What + noun)
	How beautiful she is!	How beautifully she behaves (How+adjective/Adverb)

Clauses

A. Independent Clauses

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. Some clauses can stand alone as a sentence. This kind of clause is an independent clause. (independent clause adalah clause yang bisa berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat). A simple sentence is one independent clause.

Example:

John was sick.

(A sentence with one independent clause)

A compound sentence is two independent clauses joined together by punctuation and a coordinating conjunction.

Examples:

John was sick; he didn't come to school.	(independent clauses joined by punctuation)
John was sick, so he didn't come to school.	(independent clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction)
John was sick; therefore he didn't come to school.	(independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb)

B. Dependent Clauses

A dependent clause is a clause (a group of words with a subject and a verb) that does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. (Dependent clause adalah clause yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri karena tidak menyatakan pikiran yang lengkap). There are different kinds of dependent clauses:

Adverbial Clause	The concert was canceled because the soloist became ill.
Adjective Clause	The student who gets the highest grades will receive an award.
Noun Clause	I don't know whether they still live there.